Which of the following is a common adverse effect of meperidine?

Meperidine, also known as Demerol, is an opioid analgesic that is commonly used for pain management. One of the well-documented adverse effects of meperidine, as well as other opioids, is respiratory depression. This occurs because opioids act on the central nervous system to decrease the sensitivity of the brainstem to carbon dioxide levels, which can lead to reduced respiratory rate and depth. The risk of respiratory depression is particularly concerning in certain populations, such as the elderly or those with pre-existing respiratory issues, and is a critical aspect to monitor when administering this medication.

The other options are less characteristic of the action profile of meperidine. While opioids can sometimes cause constipation, this is not as prominent an adverse effect specifically associated with meperidine when compared to the significant risk of respiratory depression. Diarrhea is not typically an effect of opioid use, as they usually slow gastrointestinal motility. Headaches can occur for various reasons but are not a common or expected side effect of meperidine usage. Therefore, respiratory depression stands out as a primary adverse effect that health care providers must be vigilant about when prescribing meperidine.