Which medication is commonly prescribed for type 2 diabetes?

Metformin is commonly prescribed for type 2 diabetes because it serves as a first-line treatment that effectively helps control blood glucose levels. It primarily works by decreasing hepatic glucose production and improving insulin sensitivity, which enhances the body's ability to utilize glucose. This mechanism not only helps to lower blood sugar levels but also has beneficial effects on weight and cardiovascular health, making it a preferred option for many patients with type 2 diabetes.

In contrast, while insulin is essential for managing blood glucose in individuals with type 1 diabetes and may also be used in advanced cases of type 2 diabetes, it is not the first choice for initial treatment. Sulfonylureas are another class of oral hypoglycemics that stimulate insulin release from the pancreas, but they may not be as well-tolerated for long-term management due to potential side effects and risks of hypoglycemia. Glucagon, on the other hand, is primarily used for the emergency treatment of severe hypoglycemia, rather than as a primary medication for diabetes management.

Thus, metformin's efficacy, safety profile, and suitability for a broad range of patients solidify its role as the cornerstone of type 2 diabetes treatment.