Which medication class is commonly used to treat heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used to treat heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) because they effectively reduce gastric acid production. By inhibiting the proton pump in the stomach lining, PPIs like omeprazole and lansoprazole decrease acid secretion, which helps to heal the esophagus lining and alleviate symptoms of GERD.

PPIs are often preferred for long-term management of GERD due to their potent acid suppression compared to other classes of medications. They are particularly beneficial for patients who experience frequent or severe heartburn, as they provide a longer-lasting effect that can lead to significant symptom relief and improvement in quality of life.

While antacids can provide quick relief for mild heartburn by neutralizing existing stomach acid and H2-receptor antagonists can reduce acid production, PPIs have a more profound and sustained effect, making them the go-to choice for chronic conditions like GERD. Antidepressants are not indicated for treating heartburn or GERD, and therefore are not relevant in this context.