Which class of medications is considered first-line for treating depression?

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are considered first-line treatments for depression due to their favorable safety and tolerability profile compared to other classes of antidepressants. SSRIs work by increasing serotonin levels in the brain, which is often low in individuals with depression. This mechanism helps alleviate symptoms of depression, making them effective for a wide range of patients.

The SSRIs are generally preferred because they have fewer side effects, making them easier for patients to tolerate. Common SSRIs include fluoxetine, sertraline, and escitalopram, all of which are widely prescribed due to their efficacy and overall safety. Their introduction in the late 1980s marked a turning point in depression treatment, allowing more patients to find relief with a lower risk of adverse reactions.

Other classes, while effective in certain situations, carry more risks or have more significant side effects. Tricyclic antidepressants, for example, can have a range of side effects and may be less safe in overdose situations. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors require strict dietary restrictions and are typically used when other treatments have failed. Atypical antidepressants can also be effective but are often reserved for specific cases or when SSRIs are not suitable for the patient.

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