What is the recommended antidote for an acetaminophen overdose?

The recommended antidote for an acetaminophen overdose is N-acetylcysteine. N-acetylcysteine works by replenishing glutathione stores in the liver, which helps to detoxify the harmful metabolite of acetaminophen. When therapeutic doses of acetaminophen are exceeded, the liver can become overwhelmed, and the excess drug is converted into a toxic metabolite called N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), leading to hepatotoxicity. N-acetylcysteine restores glutathione levels, allowing the liver to process this toxic metabolite effectively or neutralize it.

This antidote is most effective when administered within a few hours of the overdose, but it can still provide protective effects even when given later. The use of N-acetylcysteine is a crucial component of managing acetaminophen toxicity and can prevent severe liver injury when used appropriately.

Activated charcoal may be utilized to decrease the absorption of acetaminophen if it is administered shortly after the overdose, but it is not considered the primary antidote. It simply absorbs toxins in the gastrointestinal tract. Atropine and glycopyrrolate are anticholinergic agents with no role in the treatment of