What is the mechanism of action of beta-blockers?

Beta-blockers work by blocking the effects of adrenaline (also known as epinephrine) on beta-adrenergic receptors. These receptors are part of the sympathetic nervous system, which, when activated by adrenaline, can lead to increased heart rate, increased force of heart contraction, and broader blood vessel dilation. By antagonizing these receptors, beta-blockers effectively decrease heart rate, reduce myocardial contractility, and lower blood pressure, making them valuable in treating various cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension, heart failure, and arrhythmias.

This mechanism distinguishes beta-blockers from other types of medications. Promoting the effects of adrenaline would lead to increased heart activity and blood pressure, which is contrary to the therapeutic goals of beta-blockers. Similarly, enhancing heart rate and increasing blood pressure contradicts the primary purpose of these drugs. Lastly, the increase in the production of red blood cells is unrelated to the action of beta-blockers, as this process is typically influenced by erythropoietin and other factors rather than the blockade of adrenergic receptors.