What is the effect of thiazide diuretics on electrolyte balance?

Thiazide diuretics primarily function by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron. This action leads to increased excretion of sodium, chloride, and water, which results in a reduction of blood volume and blood pressure. However, one of the significant side effects of thiazide diuretics is their impact on potassium levels in the body.

The correct answer, hypokalemia, refers to a lower-than-normal level of potassium in the blood. Thiazide diuretics increase the excretion of potassium along with sodium and water. As the body loses sodium, compensatory processes can lead to a greater loss of potassium. Consequently, patients taking thiazide diuretics may become hypokalemic, which can lead to symptoms such as muscle weakness, cramping, fatigue, and arrhythmias if not monitored and managed properly.

The other options suggest abnormal electrolyte levels that do not typically result from thiazide diuretic use. For example, hyperkalemia indicates elevated potassium levels, which is associated with different classes of diuretics, particularly potassium-sparing diuretics, rather than with thiazide diuretics. Hypernatremia implies elevated sodium levels, generally not