What is the appropriate medication for managing alcohol withdrawal symptoms?

Diazepam is an appropriate medication for managing alcohol withdrawal symptoms because it belongs to the benzodiazepine class of drugs, which is effective in calming the central nervous system and alleviating withdrawal symptoms. During alcohol withdrawal, patients may experience symptoms ranging from anxiety and agitation to seizures and delirium tremens, a severe manifestation requiring careful management. Benzodiazepines, such as diazepam, are preferred due to their ability to reduce both the physical and psychological aspects of withdrawal symptoms through their sedative-hypnotic effects.

Additionally, benzodiazepines are known for their safety profile, particularly when used in monitored settings, and they help prevent the occurrence of complications associated with withdrawal. Benzodiazepines work by enhancing the activity of GABA, the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, which counteracts the excitatory effects of alcohol withdrawal.

Other medications listed may serve different purposes but are not first-line treatments for alcohol withdrawal. For example, phenobarbital also has sedative properties but is less commonly used due to the availability of more effective and safer options like benzodiazepines. Clonidine is useful in addressing autonomic symptoms of withdrawal but does not directly address the anxiety and seizure risks. Acamprosate is primarily