What is a serious side effect associated with lithium therapy?

Lithium is a mood stabilizer commonly used in the management of bipolar disorder. While it is an effective medication, it carries the risk of toxicity, particularly when serum levels of lithium rise above the therapeutic range. Neurological impairment due to lithium toxicity can manifest as tremors, confusion, seizures, and even coma in severe cases. This serious side effect highlights the importance of regular monitoring of lithium levels in patients undergoing treatment. By assessing the serum lithium concentration, healthcare providers can avoid toxicity and ensure patient safety, making the risk of neurological impairment from lithium toxicity a significant concern in clinical practice.

The other potential side effects, while important to consider, do not carry the same level of immediate risk associated with lithium toxicity. Severe constipation, excessive sweating, and anxiety or restlessness might be experienced by some patients but are generally not classified as serious side effects in the context of lithium therapy.