What is a primary side effect associated with glucocorticoids?

Glucocorticoids are a class of corticosteroids that are commonly used to reduce inflammation and control autoimmune responses. One of the primary side effects associated with prolonged use of glucocorticoids is osteoporosis. This occurs because glucocorticoids can inhibit osteoblast function, which is responsible for bone formation, and promote bone resorption by osteoclasts. The net effect is a decrease in bone density, leading to an increased risk of fractures and osteoporosis.

Long-term therapy with glucocorticoids can significantly impact calcium metabolism and vitamin D absorption, compounding the risk for bone health issues. Therefore, monitoring bone density and considering prophylactic measures to protect bone health is crucial for patients on glucocorticoid therapy.

In contrast, weight loss is not typically associated with glucocorticoid use; in fact, these medications often lead to weight gain due to increased appetite and alterations in metabolism. Headaches and dry skin, while they may occur in some patients, are less common and are not among the most significant or serious side effects compared to the risk of osteoporosis.