What are common side effects of ACE inhibitors?

ACE inhibitors, or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, are commonly used medications for managing hypertension and heart failure. They work by blocking the formation of angiotensin II, a substance that narrows blood vessels, thereby promoting relaxation of the blood vessels and reducing blood pressure.

A notable side effect profile associated with ACE inhibitors includes a persistent dry cough, which arises due to the accumulation of bradykinin, a substance that is normally broken down by angiotensin II. Elevated potassium levels (hyperkalemia) can also occur because ACE inhibitors affect how the kidneys process potassium. Additionally, these medications can lead to low blood pressure (hypotension) especially after the first dose, which may result in dizziness or lightheadedness upon standing.

These effects are important for healthcare providers and patients to be aware of, as they are significant for monitoring and managing treatment with ACE inhibitors. The combination of cough, elevated potassium levels, low blood pressure, and dizziness accurately reflects the typical side effects seen with these medications. This understanding plays a critical role in ensuring safe and effective use of ACE inhibitors in clinical practice.